Advanced composite coatings on titanium with improved adhesion for use in medicine and dentistry

The long-term performance of titanium-based implants largely depends on their ability to achieve strong interfacial bonding with surrounding tissue while maintaining structural stability under physiological conditions. Although titanium exhibits excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, its inherently low bioactivity limits direct tissue integration. To address this challenge, recent research has focused on developing advanced composite surface coatings that combine inorganic bioactive phases with organic biopolymers to improve surface functionality, adhesion, and biological response. This study investigates composite coatings engineered through a combined electrochemical and electrophoretic process designed to simultaneously modify the titanium surface and deposit a multifunctional hybrid layer. The approach enables the formation of a titanium-oxide-based intermediate structure that enhances coating adhesion, while the incorporated bioactive phases provide favorable chemical and structural conditions for cellular attachment and growth. Structural and chemical characterization techniques, including XRD, FTIR, SEM and adhesion testing, were employed to evaluate crystallinity, functional groups, and surface morphology. Results confirmed the successful formation of well-adhered composite layers with controlled microstructural features and well-developed porosity, which is beneficial for subsequent biological interactions.