The role of microbiota in cancer patients

The human microbiota, a diverse community of microorganisms inhabiting various regions of the body, has emerged as a crucial player in maintaining health and influencing disease development. This complex ecosystem, known as the microbiome, comprises bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses, with its composition influenced by factors such as birth mode, lifestyle, diet, genetics, and antibiotic use. Notably, the gut microbiota, constituting over 90% of the human microbiota, plays a pivotal role in preventing pathogen colonization, preserving intestinal mucosal barriers, and shaping the immune system. This article explores the multifaceted relationship between microbiota and cancer. Differences in microbiota composition are observed in patients with various cancer types, raising questions about their roles in cancer development. Certain microorganisms are present in the tumor microenvironment, potentially influencing cancer progression through interactions with cancer cells. Moreover, the microbiota can affect the effectiveness of cancer therapies, introducing the possibility of personalized interventions.