THE ROLE OF SMALL ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN “LAST MILE DELIVERY”

The volume of delivery in urban areas is becoming larger due to the expansion of electronic commerce, thus creating a need for more efficient and environmentally friendly solutions in last mile logistics. Small electric vehicles - such as electric bicycles, tricycles, quadricycles and mini delivery vans - represent a sustainable alternative to conventional vehicles, as they enable the reduction of traffic congestion, noise and harmful gas emissions. The paper analyzes their technical and exploitation characteristics, legal classification according to the ZOBS of the Republic of Serbia, as well as examples of good practice in European cities (La Rochelle, France) and companies (IKEA, Wolt, DHL). A mathematical model of delivery optimization that shows the advantages of electric cargo bikes in areas with limited traffic is also presented, as well as a model of a one-way delivery vehicle. The results indicate that by choosing the right type of vehicle in relation to the characteristics of the route, volume of
deliveries and urban conditions, significant savings in time and costs can be achieved, while increasing the sustainability of urban transport.