Conversion of Tree Leaf Biowaste into a Promising Material as Energy source

This study investigates the conversion of Paulownia tree leaf biomass (LP) into biochar (BLP) through slow pyrolysis at 400 °C under low-oxygen conditions. The research aims to elucidate the influence of the pyrolysis process on the chemical composition, structural characteristics, and combustion behavior of the resulting biochar. Thermogravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA), along with proximate and elemental analyses, were employed to provide comprehensive insights into the physicochemical and thermal properties of the biochar, which are crucial for assessing its potential as an energy material. The process yielded a significant increase in fixed carbon (from 8.72 ± 0.23% to 41.96 ± 0.28%) and total carbon content (from 45.49 ± 0.21% to 64.11 ± 0.42%), accompanied by a marked decrease in oxygen content (from 38.05 ± 0,09% to 9.68 ± 0.01%), resulting in a reduced O/C ratio (from 0.63 to 0.11). The higher heating value increased from 18.98 MJ/kg to 26.44MJ/kg, with improvements in fuel ratio (FR) and lower heating value (LHV), collectively enhancing the biochar’s energy potential. Thermal analysis confirmed the formation of new aromatic structures, reflecting enhanced thermal stability and improved combustion characteristics. Overall, Paulownia leaves represent a promising biomass feedstock for sustainable biochar production, contributing to waste valorization, pollution mitigation, and the development of alternative energy resources.