Corrosion Resistance of Fluorapatite Nanoparticles: A Brief Review with a Focus on Biomedical Applications

Fluorapatite (FAP), a calcium phosphate compound, has gained significant attention as a promising material for various biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and resistance to corrosion. The incorporation of fluoride ions into the crystal lattice of FAP enhances its structural stability, making it less susceptible to degradation in biological environments. FAP nanoparticles exhibit increased surface activity, improved adhesion, and a pronounced barrier effect compared to microparticles, which makes them highly suitable for use in protecting metal implants from corrosion. This review provides an overview of corrosion resistance of FAP nanoparticles, focusing on the mechanisms that contribute to this property and its implications for biomedical applications. Key aspects such as FAP synthesis methods, bioactivity, and its role in bone regeneration, dental materials, and implant coatings are explored. Additionally, the mechanisms of corrosion protection offered by FAP, including surface passivation and the role of fluoride ions, are discussed in detail. Finally, the biomedical significance of these properties is evaluated, with an emphasis on their potential to improve the longevity and performance of implantable biomaterials.